March 3, 2011

10 obscure Linux distributions (and why you should know about them)

March 3, 2011, 1:20 PM PST

Takeaway: Linux distributions come in all shapes and sizes, and they’re aimed at addressing every conceivable need. Jack Wallen introduces a few you may not have heard of that might be worth a look.

Linux has more flavors than (Mountain Dew + Gatorade)*Baskin Robbins. Of course, some of those distributions are far more valuable than others. But besides the Ubuntus, Fedoras, Linux Mints, PCLinuxOSes, and OpenSuSEs, which versions are actually worth your time? Believe it or not, worthy Linux distributions are not limited to the big guns. There are plenty of obscure distributions worth looking at. Here are a few lesser-known Linux distributions that could have a positive effect on your life in one way or another.

Note: This article is also available as a PDF download.

1: Damn Vulnerable Linux

Damn Vulnerable Linux is exactly what it sounds like. According to the Web site, “Damn Vulnerable Linux (DVL) is everything a good Linux distribution isn’t. Its developers have spent hours stuffing it with broken, ill-configured, outdated, and exploitable software that makes it vulnerable to attacks.” What value would such a distribution hold? Training. The idea behind this distribution is to train Linux admins. And what better way to train someone than to hand them a broken distribution to fix? With older/broken versions of Apache, MySQL, PHP, FTP, and SSH, your admins in training will have their hands full.

2: CAINE Linux

CAINE Linux might be one of the niftiest of the niche Linux distributions. CAINE stands for Computer Aided INvestigative Environment. Basically, it’s CIS Linux designed for digital forensics. CAINE includes TheSleuthKit, Autopsy Forensic Browser, stenography tools, and plenty of tools for wiping hard drives. This distribution also includes a semi-automated tool for the compilation of the final report on a digital forensics investigation.

3: Zeroshell

Zeroshell is an interesting Linux distribution aimed at embedded systems — specifically, networking hardware. It’s administrated through a Web interface and can provide all networking services required for a LAN. With Zeroshell, you can set up Failover, RADIUS, Captive Portal, Quality of Service management, HTTP Proxy, Wireless Access Point, Host-to-LAN VPN, LAN-to-LAN VPN, Routing with Static or Dynamic IP Addressing, and much more.

4: Parted Magic

Parted Magic is similar to the Gparted Live CD, only it adds a few more tools (such as Clonezille, TestDisk, Partimage, Trucrypt, G4L, SuperGrubDisk, and ddrescue). This type of tool is ideal for managing partitions as well as troubleshooting drives and various issues. This particular Linux distribution works on x86 hardware and requires 256MB of RAM to operate in. Parted Magic can work with the following partition types: ext2, ext3, ext4, fat16, fat32, hfs, hfs+, jfs, linux-swap, ntfs, reiserfs, reiser4, and xfs.

5: Tiny Core

Tiny Core is exactly what the name implies. It’s a tiny Linux distribution, coming in at under 10 MB (with a GUI included). But don’t think Tiny Core is limited to tiny tasks. Once it’s installed, you can begin adding the applications you need. But by default, you will have a minimal X desktop with networking. Tiny Core is based on Tiny X, Busybox, Fltk, and the 2.6 kernel.

6: CAELinux

CAELinux focuses on computer aided engineering. It’s based on open source titles like Salome, Code_Aster, and OpenFOAM. CAELinux is an Ubuntu-based distribution that can simulate physics involving nonlinear thermo-mechanics, coupled fluid-structure dynamics, seismic/nonlinear explicit dynamics, contacts, visco-plasticity, fluid dynamics, heat exchange, convection heat transfer and radiation, and electro dynamics. This distribution offers a wiki with plenty of documentation for each application.

7: Musix

Musix is a Knoppix-Debian distribution aimed at artistic and educational uses in the field of music. It’s a live CD, so it can be run without installation. The two applications that draw the most attention on this distribution are Rosegarden and Ardour. Between these two applications, you will have everything you need for music composition and recording. You will also find tools like Inkscape, Blender for 3D animation, and Cinelerra for video editing.

8: SLAMPP

SLAMPP is a slackware-based Live distribution that is truly a one-stop-shop for system server needs. With this distribution running, you are ready with HTTP, FTP, DHCP, DNS, and many more servers. And this can all be achieved without even installing the distribution! That’s right. By using a live DVD, you can have all of those servers up and running in no time. SLAMPP is the “instant home server” distribution.

9: Ubuntu Christian Edition

Ubuntu Christian Edition is, as its name implies, an Ubuntu-based Linux distribution geared toward the Christian faith. This distribution includes a plethora of faith-based software (such as Xiphos, OpenSong, and E-Sword, along with tools for parental controls.

10: Ubuntu Satanic Edition

From its name, you might think Ubuntu Satanic Edition is a converse distribution to Ubuntu Christian Edition. It’s not. According to the Web site, USE “brings together the best free software and free metal music on one CD.” The “Undead CD” is based on Ubuntu 10.04 and includes all the standard software, along with a mélange of typically dark, heavy metal-esque themes, as well as a full 50-minute album of the best Creative Commons-licensed metal music. What else does USE offer that standard Ubuntu doesn’t? Nothing more than some serious attitude that will ensure your fellow workers know who rocks harder!

Your picks

If you know Linux, you know there are thousands of distributions out there. The list goes on, and it continues to grow every day. Have you come across an obscure Linux distribution that offers either much-needed functionality or something cool to see or try? If so, share with your fellow TechRepublic members.
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January 7, 2011

Four free programs to help control Windows 7



Windows 7, like all powerful operating systems, can seem a bit overwhelming and give you the feeling you've lost control.

Fortunately, there are some great utilities for taming Windows 7.

Some problems are obvious: you've got so many icons on your desktop you've given up trying to keep them organized. Other problems are more obscure — for example, why Windows takes so long to boot. And it's always good to know exactly what hardware and software are residing in your PC.

Here are four free programs that make Windows easier to control. I'm betting you'll find them as useful as I do.

Use Fences to subdivide your desktop

If you're one of those rare people who never ever put anything on their desktops, I applaud your inner neatnik. But if your screen is so packed with file and shortcut icons that you don't remember what your wallpaper looks like, Stardock's Fences (download page) can put some order back into your computing life. (Sorry, it can't do anything about your garage.)

Once installed, this utility lets you create fenced areas on your desktop by double-clicking a blank spot and right-dragging the mouse. After you've created a fence, you give it a name and drag any item on the desktop into it.

You can, for example, create one fence for programs, another for shortcuts to files, and yet another for stuff you plan to delete in the near future. (See Figure 1.) If you put more stuff into a fence than it has room for, it adds a scrollbar. (You can get rid of the scrollbar by removing items from the box or resizing the fence.)

Stardock's Fences
Figure 1. If your desktop is cluttered with dozens of icons, use Fences to corral them into organized groups.

A fenced area can be moved, renamed, or deleted. (The items that were inside the fence remain on your desktop.) Double-click the desktop, and all your fences — plus any unfenced icons — disappear. (Desktop windows remain visible.) Double-click again, and everything comes back.

If you find the double-click-and-hide feature annoying, you can turn it off in Fences' configuration box. You can also control the look of the fences, back up your desktop layout (the backups are misleadingly called "snapshots"), and pick a standardized layout.

Fences is free for personal use, but you can also purchase the U.S. $50 Pro version, which adds default fences for new icons; automatic icon organization by file type, name, and more; icon sorting within fences; plus fence transparency and other powerful features.

The Soluto solution for long boot times

It's one of Windows' most annoying problems: half the programs on your PC want to load automatically every time you boot Windows — and most continue to run in the background indefinitely, soaking up memory and CPU time. Every one of those programs slows the boot process and may even slow down Windows. But in truth, few of them should be running all of the time.

I want to emphasize: I'm not talking about those junk programs you don't want at any time; I'm talking about applications you want running only when you need them — not hanging around using valuable PC resources when you don't need those apps.

Soluto (download page) offers a remarkably easy way to deal with this problem. After you install the app and reboot your system, an odd, turn-up-the-corner-of-the-page graphic shows you that Soluto is examining the PC's boot process. (See Figure 2.) After your system is rebooted, you launch the Soluto app and it displays what it found.

Soluto corner graphic
Figure 2. Soluto's turned-page graphic tells you it's examining your PC's boot sequence.

Reporting its findings within an attractive, graphic-oriented display, Soluto tells you exactly what's launching at boot time (far more than is shown by Windows' built-in msconfig app), how much boot time this takes, and what startup apps might be unnecessary.

It divides the boot-time applications into three categories: No-brainer (remove from boot), Potentially removable (advanced users), and Cannot be removed with Soluto (yet …). (See Figure 3.) Click on any item within a category and you get a brief description; click the description's Advanced link and you get more details, such as what you gain and lose by allowing this program to load at boot time. Should you decide you don't want an app to load at boot, click the Pause button.

Soluto boot report
Figure 3. Soluto's comprehensive system-boot report displays a chart of what apps to keep and what to remove.

The program is far from perfect. It's discouraging to look at its results and see that the Cannot be removed section is far larger than the other two put together. And Soluto itself must launch during startup so that it can block other programs.

Still, Soluto is the easiest solution I've yet found for controlling autoloaders.

Soluto is currently in public beta. I checked with a company contact and was told that the application will remain in beta for some time and that there'll still be a free version once beta testing is finished.

Find out everything about your computer

System Information for Windows (SIW, download page) provides a massive amount of information about your PC's hardware, the Windows version running on it, and the network it's attached to. Most of this information is available elsewhere, but SIW puts it all into one convenient place. (See Figure 4.)

System Information for Windows
Figure 4. System Information for Windows provides an encyclopedic summary of your PC's data.

Here's a taste of what it can show you:

  • CPU and memory usage
  • Broadband speed report
  • Windows' activation status
  • Available restore points
  • Every installed program's version number and update URL
  • Computer serial number
  • PC's Windows Experience Index
  • Maximum system RAM capacity and snapshot of what's currently in memory
  • How hot a PC is running, in Celsius and Fahrenheit
  • Your system's IP address
  • Open network ports

System Information viagra for sale without prescription for Windows is portable; you can put it on a flash drive and run it on any Windows PC. The program is free for personal use, but professional versions will set you back $70 to $100.

Take control of when your PC powers down

You're done with the day's work, but you're not ready to shut down your PC. Maybe you're backing it up or scanning for malware, or maybe you want to give family members network access to your photos or music for the evening. But you also want to save power by not leaving the system on all night.

WinMend Auto Shutdown (download page) does exactly what the name implies. It automatically powers down your PC at a time you set. (See Figure 5.) It can also sign you off your system or put a PC into hibernate or sleep mode.

Auto Shutdown lets you specify a one-time date and time for power-down or set up a daily recurring schedule. There's also a countdown option; you can, for example, shut down the PC in two hours or put it into sleep mode within 30 minutes.

WinMend Auto Shutdown
Figure 5. WinMend's Auto Shutdown lets you shut down your PC exactly when you want to — without being there.

Auto Shutdown is completely free, though the site does have a donation link.

Feedback welcome: Have a question or comment about this story? Post your thoughts, praises, or constructive criticisms in the WS Columns forum.


Lincoln Spector writes about computers, home theater, and film and maintains two blogs: Answer Line at PCWorld.com and Bayflicks.net. His articles have appeared in CNET, InfoWorld, The New York Times, The Washington Post, and other publications.

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December 12, 2010

How to login as Administrator in Windows XP?

The built-in Administrator account is hidden from Welcome Screen when a user account with Administrator privileges exists and enabled. In Windows XP Home Edition, you can login as built-in Administrator in Safe Mode only. For XP Professional, press CTRL + ALT + DEL twice at the Welcome Screen and input your Administrator password in the classic logon window that appears.

To have the Administrator account displayed in the Welcome Screen, try one of these methods:

Method 1: Using TweakUI Power Toy for Windows XP

Download TweakUI from here:

v2.00 for Windows XP  |  v2.10 for XP SP1 and above

Open TweakUI and click "Logon" option in the left pane. Put a checkmark against the option "Show Administrator viagra cost on Welcome Screen". Click OK to close TweakUI. Logoff and see if Welcome Screen lists Administrator login. Changes are immediate and you can use the Winkey + L to switch back to Welcome Screen to see Administrator account is listed.

Use this procedure to hide/unhide any user account from the Welcome Screen. Please remember, you can still login to a hidden account using CTRL+ALT+DEL classic logon method, but cannot Fast User Switch to a hidden user account.

Method 2 – Manual registry edit

  • Click Start, Run and type Regedit.exe
  • Navigate to the following key:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SOFTWARE \ Microsoft \ Windows NT \ CurrentVersion \ Winlogon \ SpecialAccounts \ UserList

  • Use the File, Export option to backup the key
  • Create a new DWORD Value named Administrator
  • Double-click Administrator, and set 1 as its data
  • Exit the Registry Editor.

For Windows XP Home Edition

While you can configure Windows XP Home Edition to show Administrator account in the Welcome Screen, you cannot login as Administrator in Normal mode. Visit the following link for more information:

Error Message: Unable to Log You on Because of an Account Restriction

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December 10, 2010

Windows 7: How to Enable the Quick Launch Bar

By default, Windows 7 does not have the Quick Launch toolbar that most Windows users are familiar with. viagra commercial If you wish to keep using this form of navigation, or if you’ve upgraded your computer to Windows 7 and want to use your old Quick Launch Bar, you can enable it by following these steps.

1. Right-click on the Taskbar.

2. Mouseover Toolbars and select New toolbar.

3. In the Folder textbox, input the following:
%SystemDrive%\Users\%username%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\Quick Launch

Click on the Select Folder button.

The Quick Launch Bar will appear. Unlock the Taskbar by right-clicking on the taskbar and unchecking Lock Taskbar. Move the Quick Launch Bar to the desired location on the taskbar and then relock the taskbar.

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Windows 7: Put a Recycle Bin Shortcut on the Taskbar

If you like keeping a clean desktop, then even having the Recycle Bin icon sitting there can be annoying. By placing a shortcut on your taskbar, you will have easy access while keeping it off of your clean desktop. This recipe adds the shortcut to the Taskbar instead of pinning it to the Windows Explorer icon.

1. Right-click on your Desktop.

2. When the context menu appears, mouseover New and select Shortcut.

3. The Create Shortcut window will appear, input the following into the Type the location of the item textbox:
%SystemRoot%\explorer.exe shell:RecycleBinFolder

4. Click the Next button.

5. Input a name for the shortcut, such as Recycle Bin or Trash.

6. Click the Finish button.

7. The shortcut will appear on the Desktop, however, you will need to change the icon. Right-click the newly created shortcut and select Properties.

8. Click the Change Icon button.

9. Input the following in the Look for icons in this file textbox:
%SystemRoot%\system32\imageres.dll

10. Press Enter on your keyboard.

11. Select the Recycle Bin icon. Click the OK button.

viagra cheap buy

12. Now that your icon looks good, move the shortcut to your Documents library (or some other location).

13. Right-click the shortcut and select Pin to Taskbar.

14. The icon will now be on your Taskbar. Move it to the desired location.

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